compton effect

Compton Effect:

        Photoelectric effect proved quantum theory of light at basic level.

·         It confirmed that light consist of individual photon that carry energy, depends upon frequency of oscillation of light.

·         Another experiment that proved quantum theory of light was Compton effect

·         In Compton effect, Compton makes electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelength (x rays) to fall at stationary electron,

·         he examined collision between the electromagnetic waves and electron,

·         he found that reflected electromagnetic wave has greater wavelength than the wave incident on electron on collision.

·         “Wavelength of the scattered X rays was larger than incident X rays in collision of X rays and a stationary electron, this effect is known as Compton effect”

·         Using conservation of energy and momentum, he was able to derive the following equation,

·         Compton shift =shift in wavelength

·         This is known as Compton shift

·         Now question arises how Compton Effect proves quantum theory of light?

·         According to wave theory there is no change take place in wavelength in any collision.

·         The incident electromagnetic wave cause electron to oscillate with same frequency as that of incident waves when the electron reemitted the waves its must be of same frequency as that of incident waves so there is no shift in frequency which implies there is no shift in wavelength according to wave theory

·         But this is not happen in actual experiment conducted by Compton, in Compton experiment there is a shift in Wavelength.

·         It proves that wave theory is not applicable here, from quantum theory of light ,lets examined Compton experiment through quantum theory of light and found that  it is applicable or not

·         Lets photon collides with that stationary electron and in this collision some of energy within photon goes into the electron, (similarly the case of particles collision in which transfer of energy take place).

·         Now, electron gain kinetic energy and begin to move with same velocity and scattered photon has less energy than before.

·         Energy depends on frequency, less energy means less frequency and smaller frequency means greater wavelength as frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength.

·         So that scattered waves has larger wavelength and therefore quantum theory of light is successfully describe Compton experiment related to Compton effect  and its contrary is also true.

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